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INTRODUCTION:
Since ancient times, humanity has been engaged in a never-ending battle with illnesses. Even if numerous pharmacological substances have been discovered and modified to increase their dependability for use as a remedy, there are still numerous obstacles that prevent them from being effective enough to be deemed a “successful” discovery1. A new molecule is created or released onto the market for the good of society after a lengthy process known as drug discovery. In overall, the drug development process takes 12 to 15 years to produce a drug molecule completely developed into a novel medication candidate2.
We are able to guess on how long this process will take and how much money will need to be spent before it can be released onto the market. From the beginning of the drug discovery process to a possible cure, it costs more than $1 billion potential medication3. The process of drug discovery involves several phases of drug development, including initial hit identification, pre-clinical and clinical studies, FDA review, and post- marketing surveillance to monitor the Efficacy of the medication once a large population has been reached4.
In this Review, we will go over each step in detail to have a better understanding of thorough understanding of the domain and its present state. The intricate path a drug takes this entire procedure necessitated that the researchers go through advanced preclinical research, applications for investigational new drugs (INDs), and Clinical trials prior to a medication’s eventual approval for sale from the FDA5. Researchers may investigate into fresh perspectives on the development or progression of a disease, which may reveal a new pathway that a novel medication can target4. As an alternative, many businesses carry out a thorough trial procedure to determine the compound of interest. Actually, prudent investments and measured risks at this eventually, a specific moment can raise the risk of success for a new Potential4,6. These days, the drug discovery process goes all the way from Using computer simulation software to screen hits in silicon through hit detection, improvement and molecular testing to reduce adverse effects, until the creation of a novel medication candidate7. Drug discovery has advanced significantly in recent years, largely due to advancements in molecular biology, computer-aided drug design software, medicinal chemistry, and...